Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor?

• A. Age
• B. Sex
• C. Cystic Fibrosis
• D. Physical Activity Level

Answer: (D)

Distinguishing modifiable from non-modifiable risk factors means identifying which factors you can change through behavior. Physical activity level is modifiable because you can increase or decrease how active you are, influencing overall health risks. In contrast, age and sex are fixed traits you’re born with, and cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition; while its symptoms can be managed, the underlying risk associated with having the condition isn’t something you can alter by changing behavior. So, the factor you can modify to impact risk is how physically active you are. Regular activity improves cardiovascular and metabolic risk profiles, among other benefits.