What is the definition of an outbreak?

• A. More cases than expected amongst a group of patients in a particular time period.
• B. A single new infection in a hospital.
• C. A routine seasonal illness in a facility.
• D. An infection that occurs only outside of healthcare settings.

Answer: (A)

Outbreaks are identified when there are more cases of a disease than would be expected in a defined group over a specific period. It’s about clustering above the usual baseline for that population and setting, which signals possible transmission and triggers investigation and control actions. This is not just a single new infection, and it’s not simply a routine seasonal illness that fits the usual pattern. Outbreaks can occur in healthcare settings as well as in the community.