HBV can be transmitted to susceptible personnel by which exposure routes?

• A. Percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids.
• B. Exposure only via airborne route.
• C. Exposure only via intact skin contact.
• D. Exposure only via saliva.

Answer: (A)

HBV transmission occurs when infectious material reaches the bloodstream or mucous membranes, such as through a needle-stick, cut, or a splash to the eyes, nose, or mouth. In healthcare settings, the risk comes from percutaneous injuries and mucosal exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids. Airborne spread does not occur for hepatitis B, and intact skin provides a barrier that prevents entry, so exposure to skin alone isn’t a transmission route. While HBV can be present in saliva, transmission through saliva alone is not the typical route in clinical practice. Therefore, the route that best describes how susceptible personnel can be exposed is via percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids.