According to Spaulding classification, what describes critical devices?

• A. They enter sterile body cavities
• B. They touch mucous membranes
• C. They contact non-intact skin
• D. They are used for routine cleaning instruments

Answer: (A)

Spaulding classification groups devices by infection risk into three categories. Critical devices are defined by entering sterile body spaces, such as sterile body cavities or the vascular system. Because they reach areas that should be free of microorganisms, they must be sterilized before use to prevent introducing infection. This is why describing critical devices as those that enter sterile body cavities is the best fit. In contrast, items that touch mucous membranes or non‑intact skin are considered semi‑critical and require high‑level disinfection, while items that contact intact skin are non‑critical and need only routine cleaning and appropriate disinfection.